An escalator is a movingescalator that allows passengers to go up and down a short vertical distance.Escalators are used around the world to route pedestrian traffic to areas wherelifts are not practical. The main areas of application are shopping centers,airports, traffic systems, shopping centers, hotels and public buildings. Theadvantages of escalators are numerous. They have the ability to move a largenumber of people and can be placed in the same place as the stairs. You have nowaiting time except for excessive traffic; They can be used to guide visitorsduring important outings or special exhibitions. and they can be weatherresistant for external use. It is estimated that there are more than 30,000escalators in the United States and 90 billion drivers use it each year.Escalators, their cousins and moving walkways are driven by AC motors at aconstant speed and move at a speed of about 0.3 to 0.6 meters per second. Themaximum angle of inclination of an escalator horizontally is 30 degrees with amaximum maximum of 18 meters maximum.
The invention of theescalator is generally associated with Charles D. Seeberger who, as an employeeof Otis Elevator Company, manufactured the first escalator on the ladder forthe general public. His creation was installed at the 1900 Exhibition in Paris,where he won first prize. Seeberger designed the term escalator by linking theLatin scala for stages to a small “lift” shape. In 1910, Seebergersold the original patent rights to his invention to Otis Elevator Company.Although many improvements have been made, Seeberger’s main design is stillused today. It consists of upper and lower landing platforms connected to ametal frame. Attitude contains two rails that pull a demountable staircasethrough an infinite loop. The farm also supports two coordinated handrails tomove at the same speed as the steps.
These two platformsdefine curved sections of the rails as well as gears and motors driving thestairs. The upper platform contains the engine and the main drive sprocket,while the lower platform contains a stepping pinion. These sections alsocontain the ends of the escalator’s farm. In addition, the platforms containthe bottom plate and a comb plate. The bottom plate gives passengers a place tostand before entering the moving stairs. This panel is red on the finishedfloor and is hinged or removable to allow easy access to the underlyingmachine. The wadding of the comb is the part located between the fixed lowersole and the displacement step. It is named because its rim has a series ofpaws similar to the teeth. These teeth are attached to the corresponding legson the sides of the steps. This construction is necessary so that the spacebetween the staircase and the landing is as little as possible so that no spaceis left.The parcel is a hollow structural structure that connects the lower andupper levels. It consists of two side panels, connected to the rails at thebottom and just below. The ends of the farm are attached to the upper and lowerbearings by steel or concrete columns. The plot contains all the directsections of the track that connect to the upper and lower sections.
The train system is builton the trellis to guide the chain of steps, which continues to climb aninfinite step from the lower platform. In fact, there are two ways: one for thefront of the wheels of the stairs (called tire track) and the other for therear wheels of the stages (called track of the wheels of the trailer). Therelative positions of these paths make the stairs form a staircase as they comeout of the swoop plate. With the right side of the farm, the rails are atmaximum distance from each other. This configuration requires a step to be 90degrees behind the stage. With this right angle, hakban.
The steps themselves arecast aluminum in one piece. The rubber wheels can be mounted on their surfaceto reduce slippage and can add yellow boundary lines to clearly show theirsides. The leading and trailing edges of each step are provided with combingcombinations that engage in combing plates on the upper and lower platforms.The steps are connected by a continuous metal chain to form a closed loop,where each step can bend with respect to its neighbors. The front and rearsteps are connected to two wheels. The rear wheels will be further adjusted tofit the rear of the track and the front wheels will have shorter axles to fitthe narrower front track. As described above, the position of the trackscontrols the alignment of the steps.
The first step in theconstruction of the escalator is to design the design described above. Themanufacturer of the escalator uses this information to build the appropriateequipment. There are two types of companies providing escalators, the majormanufacturers who actually manufacture equipment and the second suppliers whodesign and install equipment. In most cases, the second supplier acquired thenecessary equipment from the original manufacturer and made the necessarymodifications to the installation. As a result, most escalators are installedon the main manufacturer. Rails, walking chains, stairs and motorized gears andpulleys are trapped in the farm before shipping.
Before installation, thelanding areas must be ready for an escalator connection. For example, concretetools should be sprayed and the steel frame with the zone farm should beinstalled. Once the escalator is delivered, the assembly will be removed fromthe box and placed between the upper and lower landing holes. There aredifferent ways to lift the truss assembly, one of which is a freight elevatormounted on a wheeled support platform. The elevator is equipped with apositioning assembly to facilitate the vertical and angular alignment of theescalator. In this device, the upper end of the farm is easily aligned andsupported by a support wall associated with the upper shoulder. The lower endof the farm can be lowered into a pit associated with the floor of the lowerlanding. In some cases, metals may be shipped separately from the rest of theequipment. In such a situation, they are carefully packaged and packaged. Afterinstalling the escalator, they are connected to the appropriate channels.
Establish the lastconnections for the power source and verify that all rails and chains arealigned.Make sure all the engine components are working properly and that thestraps and chains are working properly. An escalator is a moving staircase.Each staircase has a pair of wheels on each side, one in the front and one inthe back. The wheels work on two tracks. At the top and bottom of theescalator, the inner train falls below the outer train, which causes flatteningof the bottom of the ladder and facilitates entry and exit of the drivers.
An escalator is a movingstaircase. Each staircase has a pair of wheels on each side, one in the frontand one in the back. The wheels work on two tracks. At the top and bottom ofthe escalator, the inner train falls below the outer train, which causesflattening of the bottom of the ladder and facilitates entry and exit of thedrivers.Move calmly and at the right speed and the active braking system isactivated. Steps should be kept apart from each other as they do not pinch orrub against each other. However, they must be placed in such a way that they donot create large spaces that can increase the risk of injury. The FederalRegulatory Code (CFR) provides guidelines for the quality control of escalatorsand establishes minimum test criteria. As stated in the code, “elevatorsand escalators must be thoroughly tested for one year or less”. Anadditional monthly inspection to satisfy the operations must be carried out byspecific people. “The annual inspection records shall be placed near theescalator or available at the terminal, and the code shall indicate that themaximum load limits of the escalator shall be specified and shall not beexceeded. In recent years, various inventions have been made in the manufactureof escalators, for example, one company recently managed to build a spiralstaircase, another has developed wheelchair-friendly escalators, and theindustry hopes to increase its growth as markets have not yet established andChina and Hungary are beginning to see the benefits of escalator technology.
CONCLUSIONS
Escalators are one of thebiggest and most expensive machines that users use regularly, but it’s also oneof the simplest. Basically, an escalator is a simple variant of the conveyorbelt. A pair of twisted-loop chains took a series of stairs in a constant cycleand moved many people a short distance at a great speed. The Levytator, aproject of City University London, can move straight lines or curves with orwithout climbing or descending. The return steps do not move under the stepsused, but allow movement in the opposite direction, as in the Pahl spiral stairpatent. The handrail is waiting for passengers on the escalator. The handrailis pulled by a chain along its own path, connected to the main drive wheel by aseries of pulleys while maintaining the same speed as the steps. The train iscomposed of four different sections: in the center is a “cursor”,also called “slider layer”. It is a layer of cotton or syntheticfabric that allows the train to move smoothly. The “pulling element”depends on the slider and consists of a steel cable or a flat steel strip,which gives the strength and flexibility of the handrail. The internalcomponents of the tension element are chemically treated rubber to preventlayer separation. Finally, the outer layer seen by the passengers is the cover,usually an integration of synthetic polymers and rubber. The covers aredesigned to withstand environmental conditions, mechanical wear and vandalism.In a factory, handrails are made by passing rubber into an extrusion machine toform layers of the size and type required to accommodate certain orders.Underlayments of fabric, rubber and steel are molded by the workers beforefeeding on the presses, which include them.
REFERENCES
* Ross, Julian. RailwayStations: Planning, Design and Management. Architectural Press.
ISBN 9780750643764.
*Strakosch, George R.(1983). Vertical transportation: elevators and escalators. Wiley. ISBN
978-0-471-86733-3.
*Mitsubishi ElectricEscalators Series Z” (PDF). Mitsubishi Elevator Asia Co., Ltd.
*PASSENGER INFORMATION – Dehi Rail”.Archived from the origina.
*”ABC7 News – KGOBay Area and San Francisco News”. Abclocal.go.com. Archived from the
original.
*Kids Hurt While Wearing Crocs on Escalators –ABC News”.
*Abcnews.go.com.
*Experts recommendcaution when wearing Crocs – WMC Action News 5 – Memphis,
Tennessee”.Wmctv.com.
*Moodie, K. “TheKing’s Cross fire: damage assessment and overview of the
technicalinvestigation”. Fire Safety Journal. Special Issue: The King’s CrossUnderground Fire.
18 (1): 13–33. doi:10.1016/0379-7112(92)90045-E.
*Building DesignEditorial: the King’s Cross Inquiry,” ‘’Building Design’’,
*”Four-year-old boyin China dies in escalator accident”. BBC.
*Negligence: Escalator Not an AttractiveNuisance,” Michigan Law Review.
